Encrypt remote transport with post-quantum session keys

browser_cli/auth.py

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 import Ed25519PrivateKey, Ed25519PublicKey
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import ChaCha20Poly1305
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf import HKDF
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
     Encoding,
     NoEncryption,
@@ -190,6 +193,7 @@ def verify(pub_hex: str, nonce: bytes, msg: dict, sig_hex: str, pq_shared_secret
 # ── Post-quantum key exchange (ML-KEM / Kyber) ────────────────────────────────
 
 PQ_KEX_ALG = "ML-KEM-768"
+PQ_TRANSPORT_ALG = "ML-KEM-768+ChaCha20Poly1305"
 
 
 def pq_kex_server_keypair():
@@ -221,6 +225,35 @@ def pq_kex_server_decapsulate(private_key, ciphertext_hex: str) -> bytes:
     return private_key.decapsulate(bytes.fromhex(ciphertext_hex))
 
 
+def _pq_transport_key(shared_secret: bytes, direction: str) -> bytes:
+    return HKDF(
+        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
+        length=32,
+        salt=None,
+        info=f"browser-cli pq transport v1 {direction}".encode("ascii"),
+    ).derive(shared_secret)
+
+
+def pq_encrypt(shared_secret: bytes, direction: str, plaintext: bytes) -> dict:
+    """Encrypt an app-layer frame with a key derived from the ML-KEM secret."""
+    nonce = secrets.token_bytes(12)
+    key = _pq_transport_key(shared_secret, direction)
+    ciphertext = ChaCha20Poly1305(key).encrypt(nonce, plaintext, None)
+    return {"alg": PQ_TRANSPORT_ALG, "nonce": nonce.hex(), "ciphertext": ciphertext.hex()}
+
+
+def pq_decrypt(shared_secret: bytes, direction: str, envelope: dict) -> bytes:
+    """Decrypt an app-layer frame produced by pq_encrypt()."""
+    if not isinstance(envelope, dict) or envelope.get("alg") != PQ_TRANSPORT_ALG:
+        raise ValueError("unsupported encrypted transport envelope")
+    key = _pq_transport_key(shared_secret, direction)
+    return ChaCha20Poly1305(key).decrypt(
+        bytes.fromhex(str(envelope["nonce"])),
+        bytes.fromhex(str(envelope["ciphertext"])),
+        None,
+    )
+
+
 def new_nonce() -> str:
     return secrets.token_hex(32)
 

browser_cli/client.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import socket
 import struct
+import sys
 import uuid
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from multiprocessing.connection import Client as PipeClient
@@ -318,22 +319,51 @@ def _send_remote(endpoint: str, msg: dict, private_key=None) -> bytes | None:
             except (IndexError, ValueError):
                 pass
 
+        pq_shared_secret = None
         if nonce_hex and private_key is not None:
-            from browser_cli.auth import PQ_KEX_ALG, pq_kex_client_encapsulate, sign, public_key_hex
+            from browser_cli.auth import PQ_KEX_ALG, pq_encrypt, pq_kex_client_encapsulate, sign, public_key_hex
             nonce = bytes.fromhex(nonce_hex)
-            clean_msg = {k: v for k, v in msg.items() if k not in {"token", "pubkey", "sig", "pq_kex"}}
-            pq_shared_secret = None
+            clean_msg = {k: v for k, v in msg.items() if k not in {"token", "pubkey", "sig", "pq_kex", "encrypted"}}
             kex = challenge.get("pq_kex") if isinstance(challenge, dict) else None
             if isinstance(kex, dict) and kex.get("alg") == PQ_KEX_ALG and kex.get("public_key"):
                 ciphertext_hex, pq_shared_secret = pq_kex_client_encapsulate(str(kex["public_key"]))
                 clean_msg["pq_kex"] = {"alg": PQ_KEX_ALG, "ciphertext": ciphertext_hex}
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    "** WARNING: connection is not using a post-quantum key exchange algorithm.\n"
+                    "** This session may be vulnerable to store now, decrypt later attacks.\n"
+                )
             sig = sign(private_key, nonce, clean_msg, pq_shared_secret)
             msg = {**clean_msg, "pubkey": public_key_hex(private_key), "sig": sig.hex()}
+            if pq_shared_secret is not None:
+                encrypted = pq_encrypt(pq_shared_secret, "request", json.dumps(clean_msg).encode("utf-8"))
+                msg = {
+                    "id": clean_msg.get("id"),
+                    "user_agent": clean_msg.get("user_agent"),
+                    "pubkey": public_key_hex(private_key),
+                    "sig": sig.hex(),
+                    "pq_kex": clean_msg["pq_kex"],
+                    "encrypted": encrypted,
+                }
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "** WARNING: connection is not using a post-quantum key exchange algorithm.\n"
+                "** This session may be vulnerable to store now, decrypt later attacks.\n"
+            )
 
         payload = json.dumps(msg).encode("utf-8")
         framed = struct.pack("<I", len(payload)) + payload
         sock.sendall(framed)
-        return _recv_all(sock)
+        response = _recv_all(sock)
+        if response is not None and pq_shared_secret is not None:
+            try:
+                from browser_cli.auth import pq_decrypt
+                envelope = json.loads(response)
+                if isinstance(envelope, dict) and "encrypted" in envelope:
+                    return pq_decrypt(pq_shared_secret, "response", envelope["encrypted"])
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise BrowserNotConnected(f"Cannot decrypt post-quantum remote response: {e}") from e
+        return response
 
 
 def _auto_route_remote(endpoint: str, key=None) -> str | None:

browser_cli/commands/serve.py

@@ -29,17 +29,25 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
   from browser_cli.client import _resolve_socket, BrowserNotConnected
   from browser_cli.platform import is_windows
 
+  response_secret = None
+
+  def _send_payload(data: bytes) -> None:
+    if response_secret is not None:
+      from browser_cli.auth import pq_encrypt
+      data = json.dumps({"encrypted": pq_encrypt(response_secret, "response", data)}).encode()
+    _framed_send(client_sock, data)
+
   def _send_error(msg_id, msg:str) -> None:
     err = json.dumps({"id": msg_id, "success": False, "error": msg}).encode()
     try:
-      _framed_send(client_sock, err)
+      _send_payload(err)
     except OSError:
       pass
 
   def _send_ok(msg_id, payload) -> None:
     out = json.dumps({"id": msg_id, "success": True, "data": payload}).encode()
     try:
-      _framed_send(client_sock, out)
+      _send_payload(out)
     except OSError:
       pass
 
@@ -93,9 +101,10 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
       _log(addr, command, None, "DENIED", "untrusted key")
       return
     pq_shared_secret = None
+    transport_encrypted = False
     if pq_private_key is not None:
       kex = msg.get("pq_kex") or {}
-      pq_required = parse_version(client_ver) >= parse_version("0.9.4")
+      pq_required = parse_version(client_ver) >= parse_version("0.9.5")
       if not isinstance(kex, dict) or kex.get("alg") != "ML-KEM-768" or not kex.get("ciphertext"):
         if pq_required:
           _send_error(msg_id, "unauthorized: post-quantum key exchange required")
@@ -103,11 +112,26 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
           return
       else:
         try:
-          from browser_cli.auth import pq_kex_server_decapsulate
+          from browser_cli.auth import pq_decrypt, pq_kex_server_decapsulate
           pq_shared_secret = pq_kex_server_decapsulate(pq_private_key, str(kex["ciphertext"]))
+          if "encrypted" in msg:
+            decrypted_msg = json.loads(pq_decrypt(pq_shared_secret, "request", msg["encrypted"]))
+            if not isinstance(decrypted_msg, dict):
+              raise ValueError("encrypted request is not a JSON object")
+            decrypted_msg["pubkey"] = pub
+            decrypted_msg["sig"] = sig
+            decrypted_msg["pq_kex"] = kex
+            msg = adapt_auth(decrypted_msg, client_ver)
+            msg_id = msg.get("id", msg_id)
+            command = msg.get("command", "?")
+            transport_encrypted = True
+          elif pq_required:
+            _send_error(msg_id, "unauthorized: post-quantum encrypted transport required")
+            _log(addr, command, None, "DENIED", "missing pq transport")
+            return
         except Exception:
-          _send_error(msg_id, "unauthorized: invalid post-quantum key exchange")
-          _log(addr, command, None, "DENIED", "bad pq kex")
+          _send_error(msg_id, "unauthorized: invalid post-quantum encrypted transport")
+          _log(addr, command, None, "DENIED", "bad pq transport")
           return
 
     from browser_cli.auth import verify
@@ -115,6 +139,7 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
       _send_error(msg_id, "unauthorized: invalid signature")
       _log(addr, command, None, "DENIED", "bad signature")
       return
+    response_secret = pq_shared_secret if transport_encrypted else None
 
   if command == "browser-cli.targets":
     from browser_cli.client import active_browser_targets
@@ -158,7 +183,7 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
   resolved_profile = msg.get("_route") or profile
 
   # ── strip protocol fields, apply request compat shim, forward ─────────────
-  strip = {"token", "_route", "pubkey", "sig", "user_agent", "pq_kex"}
+  strip = {"token", "_route", "pubkey", "sig", "user_agent", "pq_kex", "encrypted"}
   clean_msg = {k: v for k, v in msg.items() if k not in strip}
   clean_msg = adapt_request(clean_msg, client_ver)
   clean_payload = json.dumps(clean_msg).encode()
@@ -178,14 +203,14 @@ def _proxy_request(client_sock:socket.socket, addr:tuple, profile:str|None, auth
         pipe.send_bytes(clean_payload)
         resp_payload = pipe.recv_bytes()
       resp_payload = adapt_response(resp_payload, command, client_ver)
-      _framed_send(client_sock, resp_payload)
+      _send_payload(resp_payload)
     else:
       with socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as local:
         local.connect(sock_path)
         local.sendall(clean_header + clean_payload)
         resp_payload = _recv_all(local)
       resp_payload = adapt_response(resp_payload, command, client_ver)
-      _framed_send(client_sock, resp_payload)
+      _send_payload(resp_payload)
 
     resp_data = json.loads(resp_payload)
     if resp_data.get("success", True):

extension/manifest.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "manifest_version": 3,
   "name": "browser-cli",
-  "version": "0.9.4",
+  "version": "0.9.5",
   "description": "Control your browser from the terminal via browser-cli",
   "permissions": [
     "tabs",

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "browser-cli"
-version = "0.9.4"
+version = "0.9.5"
 description = "Control your real running browser from the terminal via a browser extension"
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from browser_cli.auth import (
     load_authorized_keys_with_names,
     load_private_key,
     new_nonce,
+    pq_decrypt,
+    pq_encrypt,
     pq_kex_client_encapsulate,
     pq_kex_server_decapsulate,
     pq_kex_server_keypair,
@@ -124,6 +126,23 @@ class TestPostQuantumKex:
         assert server_secret == client_secret
         assert len(server_secret) == 32
 
+    def test_pq_transport_encrypt_decrypt_roundtrip(self):
+        secret = b"s" * 32
+        plaintext = b'{"command":"tabs.list"}'
+
+        envelope = pq_encrypt(secret, "request", plaintext)
+
+        assert envelope["alg"] == "ML-KEM-768+ChaCha20Poly1305"
+        assert plaintext.hex() not in envelope["ciphertext"]
+        assert pq_decrypt(secret, "request", envelope) == plaintext
+
+    def test_pq_transport_direction_is_bound(self):
+        secret = b"s" * 32
+        envelope = pq_encrypt(secret, "request", b"payload")
+
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            pq_decrypt(secret, "response", envelope)
+
 
 class TestAuthorizedKeys:
     def test_add_and_load(self, tmp_path):

tests/test_serve.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import threading
 
 import pytest
 
-from browser_cli.auth import generate_keypair, load_private_key, new_nonce, sign
+from browser_cli.auth import generate_keypair, load_private_key, new_nonce, pq_decrypt, pq_encrypt, sign
 from browser_cli.client import BrowserNotConnected
 from browser_cli.commands.serve import _handle_client
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class TestRejection:
 
         client, t, challenge = self._connect(path)
         nonce = bytes.fromhex(challenge["nonce"])
-        msg = {"id": "x", "command": "tabs.list", "args": {}, "user_agent": "browser-cli/0.9.4", "pubkey": pub}
+        msg = {"id": "x", "command": "tabs.list", "args": {}, "user_agent": "browser-cli/0.9.5", "pubkey": pub}
         msg["sig"] = sign(priv, nonce, msg).hex()
         _send_framed(client, json.dumps(msg).encode())
         resp = _recv_framed(client)
@@ -302,6 +302,55 @@ class TestAuthSuccess:
         client.close()
         t.join(timeout=2)
 
+    def test_post_quantum_encrypted_transport_reaches_proxy(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        """New clients encrypt the command payload and receive encrypted responses."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("browser_cli.client._resolve_socket", _mock_no_browser)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("browser_cli.auth.pq_kex_server_keypair", lambda: ("fake-private", b"fake-public"))
+        monkeypatch.setattr("browser_cli.auth.pq_kex_server_decapsulate", lambda priv, ct: b"pq-secret")
+
+        path = tmp_path / "authorized_keys"
+        pem, pub = generate_keypair()
+        path.write_text(pub + "\n")
+        key_path = tmp_path / "client.key.pem"
+        key_path.write_bytes(pem)
+        priv = load_private_key(key_path)
+
+        client, server = _pair()
+        t = threading.Thread(
+            target=_handle_client,
+            args=(server, ("127.0.0.1", 9999), None, path),
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        t.start()
+
+        challenge = _recv_framed(client)
+        nonce = bytes.fromhex(challenge["nonce"])
+        clean_msg = {
+            "id": "x",
+            "command": "tabs.list",
+            "args": {},
+            "user_agent": "browser-cli/0.9.5",
+            "pq_kex": {"alg": "ML-KEM-768", "ciphertext": "cafe"},
+        }
+        sig = sign(priv, nonce, clean_msg, b"pq-secret").hex()
+        envelope = {
+            "id": "x",
+            "user_agent": "browser-cli/0.9.5",
+            "pubkey": pub,
+            "sig": sig,
+            "pq_kex": clean_msg["pq_kex"],
+            "encrypted": pq_encrypt(b"pq-secret", "request", json.dumps(clean_msg).encode()),
+        }
+        _send_framed(client, json.dumps(envelope).encode())
+        encrypted_resp = _recv_framed(client)
+
+        assert "encrypted" in encrypted_resp
+        resp = json.loads(pq_decrypt(b"pq-secret", "response", encrypted_resp["encrypted"]))
+        assert "unauthorized" not in resp.get("error", "").lower()
+        assert "browser" in resp.get("error", "").lower() or "connected" in resp.get("error", "").lower()
+        client.close()
+        t.join(timeout=2)
+
     def test_no_auth_mode_reaches_proxy(self, monkeypatch):
         """auth_keys_path=None (--no-auth): no pubkey required, reaches proxy layer."""
         monkeypatch.setattr("browser_cli.client._resolve_socket", _mock_no_browser)

uv.lock

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ requires-python = ">=3.10"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "browser-cli"
-version = "0.9.4"
+version = "0.9.5"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "click" },